Plant Product Shows Promise in Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Summary: Kushen, a dried root of a pea plant, may alleviate symptoms of neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease when combined with an enzyme inhibitor.

Source: UC Davis

A natural product from the dried root of a pea-family plant, potentially combined with an enzyme inhibitor discovered in the laboratory of Professor Bruce Hammock at the University of California, Davis, may provide hope in alleviating neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease, a team of researchers from Dalian Medical University, China, and UC Davis announced Feb 21 in Proceedings of the National of Academy of Sciences.

The team found that a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor combined with kurarinone, a compound from the dried root of Sophora flavescens, reduced neuroinflammation in an animal model with Parkinson’s disease. The dried root, also known as kushen, has been used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicines.

“Traditional Chinese medicines play an immeasurable role in the treatment of all kinds of diseases,” said lead researcher Cheng-Peng Sun, a Dalian Medical University professor who is partnering with the Hammock lab. For the past 35 years, Hammock, a distinguished professor in the Department of Entomology and Nematology and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, has researched enzyme inhibitors that dramatically reduce inflammation, inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain.

“We investigated the neuroprotective effects of S. flavescens in Parkinson’s disease based on the neuroinflammation,” Sun said. “Our extensive studies indicated that kurarinone possesses several pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities.”

The researchers hope the work may lead to an effective therapy for Parkinson’s Disease, an incurable, progressive neurogenerative disorder which affects more than 10 million people worldwide, including a million in the United States, according to the Mayo Clinic. Most patients are men aged 65 or over.

“Basically, kurarinone targets the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which is a key regulatory enzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, and inhibitors of the sEH enzyme resolve neuroinflammation,” said Hammock, a corresponding author of the paper. “The enzyme regulates a newly studied class of natural chemical mediators, which in turn regulate inflammation, blood pressure and pain.

Novel mechanism of action

“We have known for a number of years that the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors, now in human safety trials, are active in reducing the development of Parkinson’s disease in several rodent models,” Hammock said. “The evidence for this is quite strong, particular based on work of our longterm collaborator Kenji Hashimoto at Chiba University in Japan.”

Because of regulatory differences, a natural product offers a potentially faster route to relief for patients than a classical pharmaceutical, Hammock said.

This shows a pea plant — The dried root, also known as kushen, has been used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicines. Image is in the public domain

Kurarinone has a novel mechanism compared to other sEH inhibitors, binding the enzyme in an adjacent but non-identical site. This provides a new model for the design of still more active compounds to block neuroinflammation associated with diseases where sEH inhibitors have shown efficacy in rodent models including Alzheimer’s, autism and other disorders, Hammock said.